ESE Air-terminal creates an upward propagating streamer faster than a Franklin passive rod. In the case of passive rods, the upward tracer propagates only after a period of charge reorganization. The time difference Δt is the ESE advantage, called “early emission” (μs).

The reduced initiation time allows for the streamer to connect with the downward leader at a strike point situated high above the tip of the ESE rod.

This increases the protected volume, facilitates the protection of large areas and simplifies and reduces material and installation costs.